Alfred Gilm An Amazing Scientist Who Saved Countless Lives.

Alfred Gilman, developer the first stages of chemotherapy in the 1940s, changed the world of medicine through advanced cancer treatments. When Gilman was young, he enjoyed studying science as well as music. He spent many years teaching and writing after his discoveries as a scientist. Alfred Gilman will be remembered as an amazing scientist who saved countless lives. Part I: Alfred Gilman Alfred Gilman was an ingenious man who enjoyed making discoveries and science. Gilman was born on February 5, 1908 in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Gilman’s mother did not work, but his father owned a music store in Bridgeport. This started Gilman s love of music and his creative mindset. Gilman went to college at Yale University in Connecticut where he†¦show more content†¦Alfred Gilman’s work in World War II, gave way new roads to medical discoveries in cancer research. In 1942, Yale signed a contract with the Office of Scientific Research and Development to research chemical warfare agents. Louis Goodman and Alfred Gilman were assigned the study of nitrogen mustards and how they could be used against American troops. During the study, nitrogen mustards were found to decrease experimental lymphoma in mice. Using these studies, Gilman persuaded Gustaf E. Lindskog to supervise a clinical trial on a patient with lymphosarcoma. The nitrogen mustards were found to have as dramatic effect as on the mice. This study proved that tumor growth showed a response to chemotherapy. Gilman s discoveries in World War II proved new medical discoveries and cancer cures(Ritchie). Part II: Chemotherapy Functions Chemotherapy drugs have many functions, side effects, and positive outcomes when used to treat cancer. Chemotherapy is used to treat many different kinds of cancer, such as breast cancer, lymph cancer, and leukemia(McKay 28). It is very systematic, sweeping through every cell in your body, but only damaging fast growing cells such as hair follicles. (Lyss 16). Chemotherapy drugs makes the human body a terrible place for cancer cells by blocking hormones (McKay 15). Although chemotherapy has many positive outcomes, it also has many unpleasant side effects. Side

The Goal Of The American Revolution - 1964 Words

While the goal of the American Revolution was great in importance, the nation hardly had the means in order to properly fight for it. At the time, most of soldiers were untrained farmers that served in local militia units for some times before returning to work the land. As a result, despite the great number of Patriots, General Washington had only roughly 20,000 troops under his control at a time. Even then, the army lacked greatly in supplies and equipment, and many of the soldiers pay was delayed. Their opponent, Britain, on the other hand was well equipped military-wise with leading naval power, trained foot soldiers, and support from the American Indians who were promised land for their help as well. The Americans certainly realized the position they were in and the large disadvantage they had, so gaining support by any means was a necessity but the only help they could hope for was from other European powers. Thus while the Revolutionary War was fought for independence, there w as a similar war going on to fight for the support they needed. While the most notable help would have come from larger countries with extensive military knowledge, there was little hope of gaining such support in the early days of the revolution. Therefore, serving as sort of diplomat, Benjamin Franklin wrote to several military men that he felt would be able to help the American cause. The first, Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko, a Polish born military engineer and a man of revolutionary aspirations feltShow MoreRelatedEssay on Revolutionary characters1294 Words   |  6 PagesAdam Ferguson, and lastly Lord Kames. This social theory was that there were many levels of civility in a society. These levels were hunting, pasturage, agriculture, and commerce. One example of the first level which is hunting is the the Native Americans. 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Rules Of Relationships In Of Mice And Men And The Breakfast Club Essay Example For Students

Rules Of Relationships In Of Mice And Men And The Breakfast Club Essay Rules of RelationshipKyle and I decided to research relationships as they are portrayed in movies for our presentation. Between us, we watched The Breakfast Club, Dead Poets Society, Fried Green Tomatoes and Of Mice and Men. Today Im going to discuss how rules of relationships were used in The Breakfast Club and Of Mice and Men. I will list the rules portrayed in these movies and provide you with insight on the happenings of each movie. I think that The Breakfast Club and Of Mice and Men did an excellent job of demonstrating the rules of relationships. Of Mice and Men is a classic story with a timeless message. Its very good movie and novel.This movie is great drama for anyone from thirteen to ninety-nine years of age. In Of Mice and Men, there are two rugged men, Lenny and George, who are good friends. Lenny, played by John Malkovich, is a soft spoken, big, and gentle character, who is unfortunately mentally disabled. Because of Lennys problem keeping a job, the brothers are forced to move frequently.Lenny likes to touch things that appear to be soft or comforting to touch: hair for example. Lenny loves animals. George, played Gary Sinise, tries his hardest to be a good friend. He seems to be trapped by the fact of having a life that is full of unhappy things. George is about 35-40 years old. He is hard working, trustworthy, patience, caring, and a very responsible man. Throughout the movie, George seems to have gotten the short end of the stick. At the same time, I feel that Georges meeting Lenny also had a positive impact on Geo rge. George learned a great deal of patience from his friendship with Lenny. This story ends in trajedy. George is forced to do what he thinks is best for all by killing Lenny after Lenny accidently killed a woman. With Lennys death, George is given a chance to move on with his life and not have to worry about taking care of his friend. The other movie Im going to discuss is The Breakfast Club. This movie would be enjoyed by people ranging in age from junior high to middle aged. Its more of a younger portrayal of how life was and is in high school. Its a story of how five supposedly completely different students end up in detention on a Saturday and how they discover and use their similarities to make the day more enjoyable. As the story progresses, they learn not only about each other but also about themselves. In The Breakfast Club, Andrew Clark, the jock played by Emilio Estevez , always seems to be pleasing other people: his father, his coach, his friends. They all see him as a person that he doesnt necessarily WANT to be. Rather than disappoint them, he simply becomes who they think he is. This creates a lot of internal anger, which surfaces often throughout the movie. Brian Johnson, Anthony Michael Hall, excels academically but has little self-confidence to show for it. He tends to be hard on himself, and cant handle failure. Straight-laced and timid, he rarely bends the rules. My favorite character in the movie, by far, is John Bender, played by Judd Nelson. He has a lot of issues he doesnt care to talk about, and he deals with them by using dry humor and sarcasm. Allison Reynolds is a basket case. Shes screwed up. One things for sure, Allison Reynolds, played by Ally Sheedy, LOVES attention. So shes got her quirks. She uses dandruff as snow on a picture shes drawn. She eats Capn Crunch and sugar from a Pixie Stix on bread as a sandwich. She doesnt speak for the first half of the movie, and when she finally does start talking, she doesnt stop. Allison l eaves you wondering who she really is, but weird or not, shes certainly likable! Claire Standish, the spoiled brat played by Molly Ringwald, reminds me of the girls that I couldnt stand in high school! She places herself above everyone else in the movie. Sure, shes got her problems, just like all teenagers. But somehow, to everyone else, her familys wealth and power and her alliance with the in crowd seems to diminish whatever problems she may have. To the other characters, shes just conceited Claire. .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .postImageUrl , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:visited , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:active { border:0!important; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:active , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay Dreams The Breakfast Club takes place Saturday, March 24, 1984 in Shermer High School. Shermer High School is located in the town of Shermer, Illinois.Of Mice and Men takes place in California sometime in the 1800s. It was never exactly stated when it took place, but it was when slavery was still in use. I chose to apply the Rules of Relationships according to Argyle and Henderson. The Rules of Relationships is defined in eleven rules, listed on page 261 of the Communications Mosaics textbook. A few of the rules are as follows, stand up for a friend when they arent around, share your successes and how you feel about them, give emotional support, and trust and confide in one another. In Of Mice and Men, I found that eight of the rules were used. For the most part George is always sticking up for and defending Lenny, giving support, trust and confiding in Lenny, helping him, making him feel good, is not too critical of Lenny, protects Lennys confidences, and leaving his faults alone. Lenny uses what he knows as far as rules of relationships go. Lenny is mentally challenged, so he does what he can by giving support and just being a good guy. In The Breakfast Club, three of these rules are used. They all give one another emotional support, they trust and confide in each other, and they m ake each other feel good. In The Breakfast Club, they fight, but now matter what theyre talking about, they seem to take sides and defend their case. Although Bender made Claire cry, he gave her support soon there after. All the teens trust and confide in each other by telling what they did to end up in detention. Each of them seems to have a terrible story of why or how they ended up in detention. Each story has great weight on ruining who they are or ruining their reputation. To help his new friends feel good, Bender gets everyone high off of smoking weed in the movie. In The Breakfast Club not many of the Rules of Relationships were displayed, but that is greatly due to the fact that they began as strangers put together by circumstances beyond their control and grew to become friends through the course of the movie. Rules of relationships describe how an ideal relationship would be. A movie uses some of these rules, but for dramatic and real-to-life purposes relationships like this arent usually seen. I think that The Breakfast Club shows us what more modern relationships act like. Of Mice and Men gives us a more sincere, true-to-life feeling of true friendship. I think that a movie like The Breakfast Club may not have a profound impact on the American way of life, but for now and maybe for another short while longer, this movie will display how high schools function. Of Mice and Men is a timeless movie, which displays friendship to be a great thing. The ethics of both these movies show possible ways that relationships develop and demonstrate how members of a relationship should treat each other.

Presentation talk of slides Essays - Pseudoscience,

Presentation talk of slides What is Homeopathy Homeopathy is a pharmaceutical science. The remedies used are regulated by the FDA in the USA. Homeopathy was founded in the 18th century by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, a physician and chemist. The ruling principle of homeopathy is the Law of Similars, which states, Let likes be cured by likes. Homeopathy is a holistic healthcare modality, which addresses acute, chronic and traumatic health problems. Principles of Classical Homeopathy Remedies should be proven on healthy subjects to determine their field of action on the mental, emotional and physical levels. The symptoms of the patient should be matched to a remedy that has produced similar symptoms in the provings, or experiments on healthy volunteers. One remedy should be prescribed at a time based on similarity to the patients symptoms. The smallest possible dose should be administered that will produce a healing response. The practitioner should endeavor to make the healing process as gentle as possible and to try to minimize aggravations. With centesimal scale remedies the remedy should only be repeated when symptoms that have improved begin to relapse. The practitioner should match the strength or potency of the remedy with the patients vital force, or the level on which their illness resides. The Source of the Remedies The remedies come from the animal, mineral, and plant kingdoms. They are also made from bacteria and viruses, or disease products. Some remedies are made from imponderables, such as sunlight, moonlight and x-rays. In recent years homeopaths have been studying the characteristics of remedies made from the different kingdoms to learn about their properties, and to understand how to apply them to sick people in a more scientific manner. An understanding of chemistry, biology, zoology and botany are advantageous to the homeopath and intertwined with homeopathy as the natural world is the source of our remedies Remedies from the Animal and Mineral Kingdom On your left is a picture of the surucucu snake or Lachesis muta, one of the greatest additions to our materia medica. On your right is a picture of gold or Aurum metallicum, another one of our great constitutional remedies. Who Can Homeopathy Help Homeopathy is good for babies and children. Homeopathy is good for the health problems of women, and for health issues relating to a womans reproductive cycle. Homeopathy is good for boys and men. Homeopathy is good for the elderly. Homeopathy is good for animals. People even treat their plants with homeopathy. Conditions Homeopathy Can Treat Allergies Fever Anxiety and Fears Arthritis Headaches and Migraines Asthma Influenza Autism InsomniaColds and coughs Trauma and Injuries Ear infections or pain Warts What Happens at a Visit to the Homeopath Your homeopath reviews your questionnaire before you come. They try to get to know you or your child and become familiar with your health problems. Since homeopathy looks at the whole person they will ask you questions about all aspects of your life. they will try to familiarize herself with your health and personal history. they tries to understand your emotional and mental health. they then type the case notes and keeps a record of all that transpires during the visit. Receiving the Remedy Homeopathic remedies come in various strengths, dilutions and in various forms. The homeopath has to determine, which method of administration would be most suitable for you The homeopath carries a wide range of remedies in stock in various strengths. They will prepare the remedy that you need for you, or if They do not have it, they will ask you to purchase it from the pharmacy or order it for you. The homeopath gives you directions on how to take the remedy, and explains what kinds of reactions you may experience after taking the remedy. The homeopath looks for obstacles to cure, which may be environmental influences, life-style challenges, or mental and emotional habits, which negatively impact your healing. Scientific investigations have never found any healing benefits other than a placebo effect from homeopathic treatments, National Health and Medical Research Council released a draft information paper in April 2014 which saying that "there is no reliable evidence that homeopathy is effective for treating health conditions. The review summarised, No good-quality, well-designed studies with enough participants for a meaningful result reported either

Identity in Huckleberry Finn Essay Example

Identity in Huckleberry Finn Essay Example Identity in Huckleberry Finn Paper Identity in Huckleberry Finn Paper Essay Topic: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn The adventures Of Tom Sawyer Who is Huckleberry Finn Husks creation of aliases and lies about his personality, his failure to establish a life in one place, and constant internal debate are hindrances in his ability to form his self image. These rejections of society overshadow Husks progress towards developing his own sense of self, as by the end of the novel he fails to fully establish his own individuality. Huckleberry Finn struggles to find his identity because he spends much of his time assuming Identities of others and does not allow for time to develop himself. He Is Huckleberry Finn, dead, alive, Sarah Williams, George Peters, George Saxon, from England, not from England, and Tom Sawyer; he becomes a boy of multiple personalities and spends the majority of the novel assuming one of these Identities. While some of these foils are necessary in situations where it is imperative for Houck to conceal his identity, Houck also lies unnecessarily and it is this pointless lying that shows his discomfort with who his true identity. While on his adventures with the king and the duke, Houck is in territory where it is not necessary to conceal his identity s Huckleberry Finn, but instead he chooses to create an alias. He assumes the roles of people who he is not because he does not know who he is or who he wants to be. Husks failure to tell the truth, also seen as compulsive lying, is a clear indicator that he struggles to understand who he is as a person. The complexity of the layers of his lies Is evident when Mrs.. Judith Lofts says goodbye to Houck: Now trot along to your uncle, Sarah Mary Williams George Alexander Peters (Twain 96). Houck Is more comfortable and confident assuming other persons than when he Is himself; when feet alone to be Houck, he is consumed with contradictions and confusion. Husks unstable home and failure to establish his life in one place adds to the difficulty of finding an identity. Husks life is characterized by life on the move; right from the start of the novel, he does not seem comfortable with settling in a permanent residence. His initial move from the widow Douglas and Miss Watson is to escape the civilized societal identity that the women are trying to force onto him; Houck avoids even this sense of identity that he does not have to create on his own, UT that is given to him by society. Houck moves from living with the widow and Miss Watson, to his father, the Island with Jim, the raft, the Aggressors, traveling with the king and duke, living with the Wills family, and finally the Phelps farm. This poor lost lamb mentality acknowledged by Widow Douglas correctly encompasses the frame of mind with which Houck constantly changes location (Twain 2). When Houck reaches a place where he can settle down, he chooses to keep moving and does not know want to ah Walt n enamels as nee says, All I wanted was to go somewhere; all I wanted as a change (Twain 3). Husks struggle to establish an identity is also evident in his constant debate within his conscience about what is right and wrong. The primary element prohibiting Houck from finding his own identity is his guilt and development of a conscience. Houck initially does not have his own conscience, but depends on the opinion of others to decipher what is right and wrong. He relies on what the widow, Pap, or Tom Sawyer would do. Following the shipwreck scene, Houck tells Jim about the excitement that happened while he was on the wreck stating, these kinds of things as adventures as Tom would have thought, but in reality what he did was dangerous, and he risked both his life and Jims life (Twain 119). The presence of different opinions in his head causes Houck to be confused and to form corrupt opinions that become molded into his identity. The center of conflict for Houck is dealing with societys ideas about racism and having to simultaneously combat them with ideas of his own. Houck struggles to decide whether he will continue to allow others to dictate his life or establish his own individuality and decide that slavery is Ron. It is this internal debate that follows Houck throughout the entirety of the novel and leads him to develop a moral code of his own. Houck overcomes his lying, refusal to settle down, and inability to make definite decisions by becoming clearer in his own opinions. Although he does not fully develop his own identity by the end of the novel, Houck does become more definite and less conflicted. He begins to develop his own definition of the civilized life that he wants to lead which is different from the morally wrong society in which he was raised. His development of faith, his friendship with Jim, and his own decision to reject slavery help to shape this new decisiveness. His conscience, Houck decides, is more of a presence of society, and he rejects this conscience deciding it anti no good, now (Twain 357). Houck has established what he does not want to be a part of his identity, but he still lacks the ability to decide what he does want to be a part of his identity. Although he has made progress, the lack of resolve in his life demonstrates the significant impact of these hindrances on Husks development as an individual.

1,462 Basic Plot Types

1,462 Basic Plot Types 1,462 Basic Plot Types 1,462 Basic Plot Types By Michael For centuries, writers and critics have tried to put stories into basic categories. Ive written about the scientific quest for universal plot types using the Hedonometer and the theories of Kurt Vonnegut. My colleague Mark Nichol has written about several lists of types of plots: three types, seven types, another seven types, twenty types, and thirty six types. Before I reread Marks article, I thought I could combine them all and write my own article called The 69 Types of Plots. Then I heard about the 1928 book Plotto, where dime store novelist William Wallace Cook comes up with 1,462 basic plots. So it never ends. Is it really true that all stories fit into rigid plot types? Maybe not. Even Plottos categories dont always seem rigid to me. But human nature does dictate certain rules. Theres a reason why the Computational Story Laboratorys Hedonometer has a story type rise then fall then rise but not one called rise rise rise rise. Our emotions need a contrasting break. If you write an experimental story without either conflict or plot or character development, the result will probably not be innovative so much as it will be boring. If you decide to be clever by not tying up any loose ends, you will succeed in frustrating your reader instead of delighting him. No, certain plots are universally attractive, even if we dont understand why. Even business proposals are easier to adopt if they have a plot. The theories of psychoanalyst Carl Jung has deeply influenced several list-makers, such as Joseph Campbell (The Hero with a Thousand Faces) and Christopher Booker (The Seven Basic Plots). Jungs mythology has lost the lions share of the popularity it once held. But the fact that stories all over the world have common elements: thats more than a theory. Joseph Campbell describes 17 stages from Departure, Initiation, and Return. Christopher Bookers meta-plot has five elements: Anticipation Dream Frustration Nightmare Resolution Another theory which you might have learned in school says there are four types of plots. Here is my take on them: Dramatic the traditional chronological story, with a climax and a resolution. Episodic chronological but less linear and more loose, often made up of separate character-based episodes instead of a single story. Parallel two chronological stories are woven together. The focus may shift back and forth from the events of one character to the other. Flashback not chronological: events from the past are sometimes presented after events of the present. This can be interesting but confusing. When I looked at the lists in Marks article, I realized that some items are not mutually exclusive. Some lists have a different focus and basic types appear on more than one list. Also, your story can have more than one basic plot or conflict. The longer your story is, the longer you need to hold your readers interest, and the more plot elements or conflicts you will need to include. In Plotto, William Wallace Cook makes it to 1,462 by combining and recombining plot elements. One common list of plot types (man against x, man against y, man against z, etc.) is actually a list of conflict types, several of which can appear in a single story. In a classic amnesia tale, a man regains consciousness with no memory of who he is. He realizes he has driven his car off the road into a snowbank (or into a hole, making him a man in a hole.) He is able to start the car (person vs. technology) without freezing to death (person vs. nature). He goes to the home address on his drivers license and convinces the hostile woman who answers the door presumably his wife to let him in (person vs. person) while hiding the fact that he doesnt remember who she is. His personal calendar tells him he has an appointment in two hours, where he pretends to remember the woman hes meeting with, learning that they are leaders in a criminal conspiracy (person vs. society). That night, he dreams about his family and associates, He is tempted to deny the evil that he sees (person vs. self) and the fact, as it turns out, that he has dreamed actual events (person vs. supernatural). Aware now of what kind of life he has led, he must decide whether to change his life or continue on the same destructive path (person vs. higher power). Basic Plot Types (69 of them) Finally, heres a list of all the plot types referred to in Mark Nichols article: Overcoming the Monster Rags to Riches Voyage and Return Comedy Tragedy Rebirth Person versus higher power/fate Person versus self Person versus person Person versus society Person versus nature Person versus the supernatural Person versus technology Quest Adventure Pursuit Rescue Escape Revenge The Riddle Rivalry Underdog Temptation Metamorphosis Transformation Maturation Love Forbidden Love Sacrifice Discovery Wretched Excess Ascension Descension Supplication Deliverance Crime Pursued by Vengeance Vengeance taken for kindred upon kindred Pursuit Disaster Falling Prey to Cruelty of Misfortune Revolt Daring Enterprise Abduction The Enigma Obtaining Enmity of Kinsmen Rivalry of Kinsmen Murderous Adultery Madness Fatal Imprudence Involuntary Crimes of Love Slaying of a Kinsman Unrecognized Self-Sacrificing for an Ideal Self-Sacrifice for Kindred All Sacrificed for Passion Necessity of Sacrificing Loved Ones Rivalry of Superior and Inferior Adultery Crimes of Love Discovery of the Dishonor of a Loved One Obstacles to Love An Enemy Loved Ambition Conflict with a God Mistaken Jealousy Erroneous Judgement Remorse Recovery of a Lost One Loss of Loved Ones If thats not enough, you can always try Plotto. The system is a little complicated, though. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeRound vs. AroundWriting a Thank You Note

Project Progress Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project Progress Report - Essay Example in 1980’s manufacturers exploited the rise of recycling to further ingrain a sense of personal culpability for increasing levels of trash, and to crack open new consumer markets. The wave of waste management accompanied the rise of mandatory recycling programmes which were a product of a major landfill crisis and public pressure. Often from the diverse groups that started the environmental justice movement to reprocess rather than dispose of wastes. With the measures that would restrict the generation of waste, like mandatory laws and source reduction changes and in 1980’s recycling underwent a renaissance. In 1980’s curbside recycling systems were adopted many of them mandatory. In 1993, the US environmental protection agency reported that domestic recycling had tripled by weight from 70% to almost 22% (Strasser, 1999). Rather than resist all this recycling, the highest level of industry appeared to undergo a green conversion. Industry accepted recycling in lien of more radical changes like bans on certain materials and industrial processes, production controls, minimum standards for product durability and higher prices for resource extraction. Faced with all these potential regulations, capital recognized that recycling had an advantage that other option lacked. In industry’s eyes recycling was a lesser evil. But by the early 1990’s some recycling centers were criticizing the code-stamps for creating public confusion over what was actually recyclable and driving up costs for local waste handling facilities. The start of Waste Management was intensified in 1990’s during the Rio Earth summit in 1992. Agenda 21, signed by 178 nations put up a detailed plan involving 27 principles to guide countries towards sustainable development through proper Waste Management including three R’s (UN, 2004). The EU Waste Management policies were started in 1975 (Johnson and Corcelle,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 396

Assignment Example There are two issues that come out clearly in this case. Quon’s, Duke, boss tells him there would be no need to carry out an audit of the text messages as long as he paid the overages. On the other hand, the OPD makes it clear that none of the pager messages would be private. Quon went ahead to make an assumption that his boss’ pronouncements could override he provisions of the OPD. No part of the OPD provisions indicate that an employee’s pronouncements were superior to documented OPD provisions. Quon thus wrongfully expected privacy due to a mere fact his boss had promised not to audit the messages so long as he paid the overages. Such a pronouncement, therefore, does not suspend the OPD provisions. That renders Quon culpable. If the case had involved an employer-supplied device other than a pager, it surely would have been decided the differently. The OPD provisions are very particular/specific on the device involved. It only refers to the pager text message as not being private. If a device had been involved other than the pager, the provision wouldn’t have applied. The case would have been decided differently. Quon demand for privacy would have been validated. Auditing text messages is obviously less intrusive than phone wiretapping. This is because in the case of auditing text messages, the device user is made aware of the need to carry out an audit. In the case of phone wiretapping, the user’s device such as telephone is covertly monitored. This is considered unlawful in most cases. Phone wiretapping is more intrusive than carrying out an audit of the messages. There is no broad ground for determining Quon’s case. There a number of technical aspects of the case, all of which must be weighed. If the broadly applicable rules for electronic communication had been applied in determining the case, the court would have looked at how Quon’s use of the work device for other personal communication had affected his use of

Descartes & Hume Essay Example for Free

Descartes Hume Essay Rene Descartes was a rationalist, meaning he thought that reason alone, not sensation or experience, was the source to attaining knowledge about the eternal truths of the universe, such as mathematics, epistemology, metaphysics and the existence of God. He excluded physics from this list, admitting that knowledge of physics only comes through experience (Descartes). Regardless, his rationalistic epistemology made it so that Descartes could only accept the truth about something if it was based upon a principle that was clearly and distinctly certain. Innate, a priori knowledge is fundamental to Descartes philosophy. A priori refers to any knowledge that is attained without appealing to sensation (O’Connor, Class Notes). Being a rationalist, he completely doubted every sensory experience he had ever had. Sensation is ever-changing and sometimes misleads or deceives us, so according to Descartes, trusting in an experience of sensation to provide us with any kind of universal truth would be foolish (Descartes). Whereas rationalism directly focuses on reason as being the only way to attain knowledge about the world, empiricism concentrates fully on all knowledge being a posteriori, or attained through experience and sensation. In an obvious way, David Hume’s empiricist epistemology directly contrasted Descartes rationalism, specifically by how he believed humans can attain knowledge. According to Hume, humans understand the world by experiencing different perceptions: impressions/sensations and ideas/thoughts. The amount of force and vivacity of the perception allows humans to differentiate between the two. Impressions and sensations are more forceful and lively since they are a product of direct experience. Ideas and thoughts are simply weak recreations of the original impressions that were perceived. While Descartes believes that certain ideas are innate, such as the existence of God, Hume absolutely denies the possibility of innate ideas. He claims that humans could never fully know or comprehend anything beyond our impressions. If an impression is not perceived, then it cannot be acknowledged. Since our knowledge is limited to the impressions we perceive, we have no real way of comprehending causality, instead it is often confused with correlation. Cause and effect events tend to occur in close temporal order, but that does not mean we can know whether those events are intrinsically related or not. Instead, we can only place our faith in the customs and habits of human life. Oppositely, Descartes believed we gain knowledge a priori, and we can only know that which we have clear and distinct justification for. In order to justify what we know, we cannot appeal to anything except for reason. Lastly, we must judge those justified ideas by applying Descartes’ specific and logical method of reflection. Thusly, by accepting Descartes’ method, the universal and eternal truths of the world can be known.

Careers in Computer Science and Programming :: Technology Jobs Essays

Careers in Computer Science and Programming In the year 1995, our family received their first ever computer. It was a Pentium I with a 75 MHz processor, 64 MB ram, a 16x CD-Rom, a 5-gigabyte hard drive, and Windows 95 operating system. I thought it was the coolest thing man has come to know. It had games, and a completely new world called the internet. Not only could you talk to people from all around the world, but also you could watch streaming videos, view pictures, and send e-mails with attached files. It was like the worlds fastest postal service. From that moment forward, I was intrigued and in mesmerized by computers, and that led to me choosing to spend the rest of my life with them. Ever since the birth of the first computer, there have been people there to program and use them in incredible ways. Ways that boggle the mind and can cause even the smartest person to become perplexed at the shear ability of what a programmer and computer can accomplish. I would like to be one of the people that make smart people wonder by making innovative special effects, or even making an entire movie using only a computer. This is a very important job for people to keep and maintain. Not only do some aspects of it entertain others, but also another part of computer programming involves keeping our country safe. With the technology today and the advances of tomorrow, our great country will be sheltered from attacks of the new age. We will have the smartest and best programmers at the desk typing away and making sure that our missiles stay maintained, that out alert systems are running, and that our vital information is being transferred upon secure networks. In order to be a successful computer programmer you need to have the right training. There are wide varieties of programming languages available for a user to choose. You need now the right language for the type of code you are writing. You cannot program a java application using html; it just would not work. So depending on the type of programming language you need to learn, defines the type of classes you need to take, and the type of schools you need to attend. Computer programming and computer engineering is still a profession that is being built. Consequently, it is hard to find decent work, and to sustain a continuous position as a computer programmer for a company. Careers in Computer Science and Programming :: Technology Jobs Essays Careers in Computer Science and Programming In the year 1995, our family received their first ever computer. It was a Pentium I with a 75 MHz processor, 64 MB ram, a 16x CD-Rom, a 5-gigabyte hard drive, and Windows 95 operating system. I thought it was the coolest thing man has come to know. It had games, and a completely new world called the internet. Not only could you talk to people from all around the world, but also you could watch streaming videos, view pictures, and send e-mails with attached files. It was like the worlds fastest postal service. From that moment forward, I was intrigued and in mesmerized by computers, and that led to me choosing to spend the rest of my life with them. Ever since the birth of the first computer, there have been people there to program and use them in incredible ways. Ways that boggle the mind and can cause even the smartest person to become perplexed at the shear ability of what a programmer and computer can accomplish. I would like to be one of the people that make smart people wonder by making innovative special effects, or even making an entire movie using only a computer. This is a very important job for people to keep and maintain. Not only do some aspects of it entertain others, but also another part of computer programming involves keeping our country safe. With the technology today and the advances of tomorrow, our great country will be sheltered from attacks of the new age. We will have the smartest and best programmers at the desk typing away and making sure that our missiles stay maintained, that out alert systems are running, and that our vital information is being transferred upon secure networks. In order to be a successful computer programmer you need to have the right training. There are wide varieties of programming languages available for a user to choose. You need now the right language for the type of code you are writing. You cannot program a java application using html; it just would not work. So depending on the type of programming language you need to learn, defines the type of classes you need to take, and the type of schools you need to attend. Computer programming and computer engineering is still a profession that is being built. Consequently, it is hard to find decent work, and to sustain a continuous position as a computer programmer for a company.

By The Time Macbeth Murders Duncan He Has Already Lost The Battle For His Soul Essay

Introduction ‘By the time Macbeth murders Duncan he has already lost the battle for his soul’. In this essay I am going to discuss this statement and examine the factors that lead to his decision to kill the king. I shall divide the essay into 3 main parts, these are; 1. The battle for his soul 2. The factors which lead Macbeth to kill the king 3. Conclusion The Battle For His Soul This play was written for James 1 in 1606. Shakespeare’s children were now deceased and this had put him into a mood where he would only write tragic plays instead of the usual comedies. Shakespeare included the theme of witches for James 1 as he was into witchcraft and had even wrote a book about it. The target audience of Macbeth would have been a very superstitious Christian crowd. The King was believed to have been put on the throne by God, and to kill the King would be a great sin. The belief in the existence and power of witches was widely believed in Shakespeare’s day. The practice of witchcraft was seen to subvert the established order of religion and society, trying to corrupt people and making them sin against God. Witch hunting was a respectable, moral, and highly intellectual pursuit through much of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. If someone lost their soul, they would be lost to God and would be condemned to hell for eternity. Here is a definition of a soul taken from the oxford dictionary; 1. A person’s soul is the spiritual part of them that is supposed to continue after their body is dead. 2. Somebody’s mind, character, thoughts or feelings. From the beginning of the play, Macbeth undergoes a complete change in character – from a virtuous nobleman into a monster. He has a tragic weakness – ambition – which, when released, draws him into a web of evil and corruption that finally leaves him with none of the noble human qualities he possessed at the beginning of the play. Before being transformed into a murderous monster, Macbeth is a popular noble and also a good friend with the King. This is shown when Duncan calls him his ‘worthiest cousin’. He shows great loyalty and devotion to both King Duncan and his country in his fight against the Thane of Cawdor. Duncan is grateful for this. He says; ‘I have begun to plant thee and will labour / To make thee full of growing.’ He also fights with great courage, which he draws from knowing that he serves a good and virtuous King. This is proved when he says; ‘Duncan / Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been / So clear in his great office, that his virtues / Will plead like angels.’ He is modest when confronted with his achievements, in contrast to the arrogance that he displays after becoming king. He loves Lady Macbeth, an emotion he will eventually lose by the end of the play. Most of all, he fears what his greed and ambition can lead him to become, and he feels dubious about acting on them. When he kills the King he does it in cold blood, which shows his change after the incident with the witches. Macbeth doesn’t want to kill the King but is convinced by Lady Macbeth that only good things will come from it. But just after he does kill the King, guilt overcomes him and he is left regretting the whole idea. This shows that he still wants God’s blessing. Also he says; ‘But wherefore could I not pronounce ‘Amen’? / I had most need of the blessing and ‘Amen’ / Stuck in my throat.’ At that time it was believed that if you could not say ‘Amen’, God would not bless you and you were doomed to eternal damnation. Ultimately he regrets killing the King. Here are some quotes that help to solidify this; ‘I had most need of blessing’ ‘I am afraid to think what I have done’ ‘To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself’ ‘Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst’ You should be thinking the obvious question: Why does Macbeth decide that he has to kill the King to become King? And, anyway, why is he not sufficiently happy with the high social position he occupies and the honoured status he has acquired among his peers? There is a very simplistic answer to this, and that is to say he is too inpatient and too ambitious. Both of these are sins and therefore Macbeth must be punished for them. As he believes that he is damned for eternity this breaks him down until he doesn’t care or feel anymore. Banquo was also present when the witches’ predictions were made which makes Macbeth insecure. There are two reasons for this; 1. Banquo’s children will become Kings and †¦ 2. †¦Banquo may suspect that Macbeth murdered Duncan. Macbeth is now in too deep to be repented for his sins and he knows this. To maintain his Kingship he decides to hire murderers to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance. This takes Macbeth beyond the murder of Duncan; it demonstrates that he will spare no one – not even a close friend – to secure his illegitimate kingship. He has turned his back on his closest companion and doesn’t feel any guilt. This suggests that he has now become just as evil as the witches. Shortly after the murder of Banquo, the dead noble appears at Macbeth’s feast. The terror of seeing Banquo’s ghost makes Macbeth more paranoid and insecure than ever, which leads him to seek answers from the three Witches; ‘And betimes I will – to the weird sisters. / More shall they speak. For no I am bent to know / By the worst means, the worst †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This suggests that he still wants more and is still unhappy. He has tasted blood and now he wants more. He believes that he will lose his position as King unless he continues to kill. Eventually he has the blood of Duncan, Banquo, the two servants, Lady Macduff and her children on his hands. Blood is a very realistic image that helps people to relate blood and evil together. The Factors Which Lead Macbeth To Kill The King The witches play a vital role in Macbeth’s thinking about his own life, both before and after the murder of Duncan. Banquo and Macbeth recognize them as something supernatural, part of the landscape but not fully human inhabitants of it. They have malicious intentions and prophetic powers and yet they are not active agents. When I say active agents I mean that they don’t do anything other than talk and offer ‘answers’. They have no power to compel. The most obvious interpretation of the witches is to see them as manifestations of evil in the world. They exist to tempt and torment people, to challenge their faith in themselves and their society. Act 1 scene 3 suggests that the witches have power but not enough to kill. This is shown when they are talking among themselves about a woman who would not give one of the witches a chestnut. The witch tells her sisters that she will make the winds blow strongly against her husbands ship. They work on Macbeth by equivocation, that is, by ambiguous promises of some future state. These promises come true, but not in the way that the victim originally believed. Macbeth takes his first step toward losing his soul when he is confronted with the knowledge that he will be king. The witches tell him; ‘All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be King thereafter!’ When they say this he makes the mistake of letting his ambition overrule his judgment. If his judgment had remained intact in the face of the witches’ powerful prophecy, he certainly would have decided not to let his actions be dictated by a prophecy given to him by three strange witches who evade most of the questions he asks. The witches, appeal to what Macbeth wants to believe. They don’t make him believe it and they do not tell him what to do in order to achieve what they prophesise. They say nothing about killing Duncan (or anyone else). In that sense, they cannot be the origin of the idea of the murder. They may be appealing to that idea, but they do not create it. The witches are said to be able to take possession of people and make them do wrong. This, seeing visions and going into trances are signs of this. The later two of these are shown, the second when Macbeth sees the ghostly dagger before he kills Duncan and the third, when he is described as ‘rapt’. These witches exist as constant reminders of the potential for evil in the human imagination. They are ineluctably part of the natural world, there to seduce anyone who, like Macbeth, lets his imagination flirt with evil possibilities. They have no particular abode and might pop up anywhere, momentarily, ready to incite an eternal desire for evil in the human imagination, the evil which arises from a desire to violate our fellow human beings in order to shape the world to our own deep emotional needs. Guilt plays a strong role in motivating Macbeth, and causes Lady Macbeth to go insane, until she commits suicide. Throughout the story, there are many different types of guilty feelings that play a role in Macbeth’s fatal decisions and bring Lady Macbeth to commit suicide. Although there are many instances that show the power guilt has played on the main characters, there are three examples that show this the best. One is, just after the murder of King, Duncan. Guilt overcomes Macbeth where he can no longer think straight. A second example is soon after that, where all the guilt Macbeth feels at first, changes into hate after he decides that Banquo must be killed as well. The last example is just about at the end of the play, when we see Lady Macbeth sleepwalking, and then later committing suicide; this all because of the burden of her guilt. All of these examples build the proof that in this play, guilt plays a very large role in the characters’ lives. Perhaps one of the strongest evidences that show guilt, is how it affected Lady Macbeth. Act 5 begins by re-entering Lady Macbeth; this time though, she is not at all the woman we were first introduced to. It begins with a discussion between a doctor and a servant about the failing health of the lady herself. Lady Macbeth enters sleepwalking. She starts to rub her arms, in a washing motion and says; ‘Out damned spot! Out, I say!’ She also says; ‘†¦Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?’ The word blood, is really a image that we can use for the enormous guilt she feels and her action, in trying to get rid of the guilt by ‘washing’ and rubbing it away. In the second quote, the ‘old man’ represents, King Duncan. Her sleepwalking continues as she talks about the death of Lady Macduff; ‘The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? / What, will these hands ne’er be clean?’ After the continuous rubbing motion, Lady Macbeth cries out; ‘Here’s the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ She realises that nothing could ever get rid of the smell of the blood and the guilt caused by all the murders committed by Macbeth. It’s also shown here that she feels fully responsible for every person killed by her husband. Just several scenes later, Lady Macbeth commits suicide. The reason was just a build up of all the guilt. Another big influence on Macbeth is Lady Macbeth. She puts considerable pressure on Macbeth and he is eventually persuaded to commit the murder of King Duncan. Driven by Lady Macbeth, he then orders the assassination of Banquo and Fleance and of Lady Macduff and her son. The attempted murders of Fleance and Lady Macbeth’s son make it clear that Macbeth has no problems about killing the innocent. Being so deeply immersed in murder and death takes away his ability to feel; when Lady Macbeth dies, he reacts only by musing that; ‘She should have died hereafter’. One of the chief functions of Lady Macbeth in the early part of the play is to keep the vision of Kingship alive within Macbeth by any means at her disposal. She taunts him to act on his desires. What she is saying, in effect, is that he must not let his conscience stand in the way of his desires. Part of her tactics with Macbeth is to urge him to be more of a man. She identifies him as something unmanly. Lady Macbeth should not be blamed for the actions of Macbeth. He freely chooses to kill Duncan in response to his own deepest desires. Neither his wife nor the witches compel him to do what he does, and he is free at any time to refuse to carry out the murder or, having carried it out, to seek out various courses of new action. But his decision to carry out the deed is marked by his, perhaps evil mind. In a way, Macbeth is never entirely satisfied with what he needs to do to become king or what he really wants to do. After the murder of Duncan Lady Macbeth has thought that a little water and a few lies will clear them, but she cannot evade the psychological consequences of what she has encouraged Macbeth to do. She lacks his will power, his determination to continue, and his ability to withstand the inner torment. And so as he becomes more and more determined to keep killing his way to some final solution, she falls apart. This begins with her fainting spell as soon as the news of Duncan’s death becomes public, continues in her anxious fussing before and after the banquet scene, reaches its clearest expression in her sleepwalking, and concludes in her suicide. This lack of inner will to confront the consequences of her and Macbeth’s actions makes her story one without the tragic significance of her husband’s. The phrase ‘lack of inner will’ in the last paragraph is not meant to indicate some limitation in Lady Macbeth. She had thought that she could unsex herself, push away any of her deepest feelings about the love of others, and become a pure agent of destruction. So long as the murders have not started, she plays that role with great rhetorical effectiveness (especially in her taunts about Macbeth’s manhood). In a way her reference to Duncan looking like her father does take on an important resonance. What’s particularly noticeable, too, is the way in which, following the murder of Duncan, their relationship becomes divided. We have every reason to believe that before Duncan’s murder, they are very close. Certainly Macbeth shares all his thoughts and feelings with her, and she speaks to him about what her deepest thoughts are even if it is to defy Gods decision. They are at first a very close and loving couple but as more people are being killed by Macbeth (who mostly keeps them to himself and doesn’t involve Lady Macbeth) Lady Macbeth is falling apart and being unable to cope with the guilt she commits suicide.

House On Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros

Sandra Cisneros Mango Street is a alone narrative about a deprived immature Chicana miss, Esperanza, who grows up in a hapless vicinity where she feels she does non belong. She does non wish what she experiences, and invariably hunts for a new hereafter. As Esperanza grows and alterations throughout the book, she realizes that adult females in her civilization are treated below the belt, and makes a witting pick non to fall into the same trap as the adult females around her. The adult females in Esperanza ‘s vicinity are held surety within their ain credence of an unfair cultural destiny. For illustration, Minerva who is merely small spot older than Esperanza is largely found praying for better fortune and a happier life. While praying for happier life she stills lets her hubby take advantage of her, and this sets an unhappy and atrocious life. Minerva knows that her hubby is non truly sorry but she still forgives him. For illustration, there is a twenty-four hours when Minerva had sufficiency of her hubby so out the door he goes but subsequently through the twenty-four hours he is regretful for his action and every bit much as Minerva is forgiving, she lets her hubby back in the house accepting his apology cognizing it will go on once more. She thought matrimony was traveling to be a manner out from unwanted life but alternatively it has the same features. Without contending for a satisfactory life she settles with the manus she is dealt. In this novel there is another character name Sally. She is an guiltless friend of Esperanza. Sally tries to get away her male parent ‘s barbarous whippings through matrimony, but her fortunes do non alter. Sally hubby still treats her as her male parent treated her in yesteryear. For illustration, he wo n't allow her speak on the phone, he does non allow her look out the window and he does non like her friends. Sally friends can non see her unless her hubby is at work. First, Sally ‘s male parent controlled her and now it is her hubby. She thinks that she is get awaying when in world she is merely giving the tether to person else. Sally chose the easiest manner out of her life which she thought was matrimony, without thought of her hereafter. In this novel there are mistreatments which lead some of the characters into another life of the letdown and their unhappy effects, believing that there is no way-out. Esperanza will non accept and is determined to get the better of the unjust destiny instructed on the adult females in her household, such as her great grandma. Esperanza references in the novel that she does non like her name that was given after her grandma and she would baptise herself to acquire a different name that would stand for a existent her and no 1 else. Harmonizing to Hispanic household the names are passed down the coevals without pick. Esperanza negotiations about â€Å" I have inherited her name, but I do n't desire to inherit her topographic point by the window † ( Cisneros Pg.11 ) . Esperanza does non desire to populate a life of unhappiness. Esperanza knows that she does non desire to stop up like her great grandma. Esperanza grandma had no pick but to get married without her being able to do determination for it. She was trapped by a adult male who â€Å" threw a poke over her caput and carried her off † ( Cisneros Pg. 11 ) . After this incident her great grandma looked out the window her whole life like so many adult females sit their unhappiness on their cubitus. Esperanza admirations if her grandma made the best of what she got or was she sorry because she could non be all the things she wanted to be. She searches for a way that would take her out of the rhythm that has captured her great grandma and so many adult females around her. In â€Å" Boys & A ; Girls † chapter it talks about how in Esperanza ‘s vicinity male childs and misss can non socialise with each other because it is known that male childs and misss are from different universes. For illustration, Esperanza could speak to her brothers at place but outside place they can non be seen speaking to each other. In add-on, towards the terminal of the book, Esperanza feels a demand to come b ack and help those who are unable to go forth, because she is positive that her destiny will alter. â€Å" One twenty-four hours I will state adieu to Mango. I am excessively strong for her to maintain me here everlastingly. One twenty-four hours I will travel off. They will non cognize I have gone off to come back. For the 1s, I left behind. For the 1s who can non acquire out † ( Cisneros Pg. 110 ) . In decision, Esperanza experiences the suffering faces of the adult females around her, she is certain that traveling through this life experience and acquisition procedure will take her life to a positive result. She believes the lone manner out of her vicinity and unjust intervention in the Hispanic community would be by educating and composing. Esperanza does non merely take the right way of willingness to contend for a nicer life but she adapts to her milieus and builds her ain assurance so that she can assist the other adult females around her bash good. Esperanza is a really strong and determined adult female in herself and she is able to carry through her dream of a better hereafter. Esperanza ends are non to bury and accomplish the freedom together. Esperanza wants the adult females in her civilization to go stronger, independent and she is determined to make so.

Comparative Forms of Adjectives

Comparative Forms of Adjectives Comparative Forms of Adjectives Comparative Forms of Adjectives By Maeve Maddox Adjectives have inflections. That is, adjectives change in spelling according to how they are used in a sentence. Adjectives have three forms: positive, comparative, and superlative. The simplest form of the adjective is its positive form. When two objects or persons are being compared, the comparative form of the adjective is used. When three or more things are being compared, we use the adjectives superlative form. A few adjectives, like good and bad form their comparatives with different words: That is a good book. This is a better book. Which of the three is the best book? He made a bad choice. She made a worse choice. They made the worst choice of all. The comparative forms of most adjectives, however, are formed by adding the suffixes er and est, or by placing the words more and most in front of the positive form. RULES FOR FORMING COMPARATIVES: 1. One syllable words form the comparative by adding -er and -est: brave, braver, bravest small, smaller, smallest dark, darker, darkest. 2. Two-syllable words that end in -y, -le, and -er form the comparative by adding -er and -est: pretty, prettier, prettiest happy, happier, happiest noble, nobler, noblest clever, cleverer, cleverest 3. Words of more than two syllables form the comparative with more and most: beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful. resonant, more resonant, most resonant 4. Past participles used as adjectives form the comparative with more and most: crooked, broken, damaged, defeated, etc. 5. Predicate adjectives (adjectives used to describe the subject of a sentence) form the comparative with more and most: afraid, mute, certain, alone, silent, etc. Ex. She is afraid. He is more afraid. They are the most afraid of them all. So far, so good, but when it comes to two-syllable words other than the ones covered by Rule 2, the writer must consider custom and ease of pronunciation. Usually, two syllable words that have the accent on the first syllable form the comparative by adding er and est. Ex. common, cruel, pleasant, quiet. BUT tasteless, more tasteless, most tasteless. Some two-syllable words that have the accent on the second syllable form the comparative by adding er and est: polite, profound, BUT: bizarre, more bizarre, most bizarre. The rules given above should prevent abominations like more pretty or beautifuler. When in doubt, look up the preferred inflected forms in the dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Precedent vs. Precedence50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018 All jobs have components that make them stressful- even the ones that don’t seem like very high-stakes occupations. Certain scenarios or times of the year come up and it’s a mad sprint requiring late nights and all hands on deck. Then there are the jobs that just don’t seem to ever let up. Here 10 of the most stressful jobs out there for 2018- based on deadline demands, public scrutiny, required travel, physical risk, physical demands, environmental conditions, hazards, and public interaction. See if any of them call out to you- maybe you crave a life of pressure! Or†¦ maybe a career in a cubicle sounds just lovely to you. It takes all kinds to make up the workforce!1. Enlisted military personnelWith an average salary of $30k, constantly putting your life at risk, all over the world, makes the military one of the most stressful careers out there.2. FirefighterYour job is starting to look pretty cushy, when you consider that for less than $50k a year, on aver age, some people have to run into burning buildings on the regular. And you thought that big project was really making you stressed!3. Airline pilotWith a median income of just about $105K per year, airline pilots are well compensated for the stress of ferrying hundreds upon hundreds of souls around the globe.4. Police officerMaking about $60K per year, just a bit more than a firefighter based on median income, police officers are also under a great deal of stress and risk their lives on a daily basis.5. Event coordinatorEvent coordinators may not risk their  lives or limbs, but they are still the people  left holding the bag when anything- major or minor- goes wrong. If the hors d’oeuvres come out five minutes late- or early- or if the band has the wrong cord to connect their amp, or if there is a typo in the invitations†¦ You name it, they  bear the brunt of the yelling. These aren’t life threatening stakes, but the stress is almost always at a high.6. PR execPublic relations executives are responsible for the reputations and the fame-level of their clients. They don’t just have to manage logistics, they have to manage perception and public opinion. And that takes a lot of nail biting. Especially when their clients do something that requires the putting out of fires (albeit, of course, not literal fires).7. Senior corporate execIf you’ve made it to the top of your company tree, it’s not all big bonuses and stock options. With every rung up the ladder comes a great deal more pressure. And with pressure comes†¦ you guessed it, stress.8. BroadcasterFor a surprisingly low annual median salary of less than $40k per year, a broadcaster is required to clearly and calmly read the news from a teleprompter often riddled with typos. She must be poised and in control at all times, as all of   the action unfolds live. You think public speaking is hard? Try doing it every day on television.9. Newspaper reporterYou wonâ €™t make a lot of money, and you’ll have to run headlong into potentially dangerous or volatile situations to get a story. And once you get it, you have to race to get it published first. On top of that, if you make one mistake you’ll have lost your reputation.10. Taxi driverThis gig is perhaps the least well-paid of the top 10, with a median pay of $24K per year. Taxi drivers have to deal with rude people, drunk people, and people in a rush- not to mention other lunatic drivers, rush hour traffic, accidents, and weather. Plus they’re stuck in a car. Imagine trying to find a parking space in NYC every time you had to pee! It’s also a field that is getting extra pressure from rideshare companies like Uber and Lyft, so being a taxi driver is more stressful than ever these days.

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster Assignment

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster - Assignment Example Since Wayne is a member of the community, it will prove easier for him to interact with the people and carry out a positive assessment. The recovery priorities should depend on the needs of the community members, without any bias regarding friends and family members. Victims that Require a Crisis Intervention According to previous research, it is evident that children and adolescents define the most the vulnerable groups that require crisis intervention. Children who face wildfires are likely to exhibit behavioral aspects such as anxiety, fear, nightmares, depression, acting out and guilt. Therefore, they require immediate intervention so that the trauma does not affect their development. Since children do not understand the factors that trigger disasters, they are less likely to cope easily. Whereas adults are able to cope with the disaster in a short while, children and adolescents need expertise intervention and guidance (Maurer & Smith, 2013). Major Health Concerns after the Wild fire A wildfire results in smoker from trees exposing people to particulate matter and different toxins. These contaminants in smoke are likely to cause respiratory diseases. Wayne should identify this as a major health concern. In addition, the contaminants from wildfires may also cause cardiovascular, psychiatric, and ophthalmic complications. Different levels of burns may also pose the risk of organ failure. Victims may face direct or indirect burns, which may affect various organs, compelling them to seek treatment.

Conduct career comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conduct career comparison - Essay Example The fact is that many end up specializing in finance as a major. Accountant on their part do the same subjects as their counterparts but take accounts as a major. In terms of salary, both professions fall in the same salary bracket of $1000 but financial analyst who performs consultancy duties tend to earn averagely higher than their counterparts in accounts. Salary is determined by the organizations the individuals work but comparatively, financial analysts earn slightly higher than their counterparts in accounting professional In incorporating Kuder results, accountants always feel more accomplished and feel that they directly contribute to the success of the business as they involved in daily operations. Financial analysts have a great sense of prestige as they feel that the decisions they make forms the financial path the business eventually takes. Compared to accountants Opportunity for advancement in the financial analyst profession is vast and he has an opportunity to interact with many organizations in his line of duty especially those in financial consultancy (Carter et al.,

In What Circumstances Can a State Lawfully Resort to the Use of Essay

In What Circumstances Can a State Lawfully Resort to the Use of Military Force in Response to an Attack from a Non-State Actor - Essay Example Understanding the details of the circumstances as well as how one can respond to specific attacks is essential not only with the mechanics of how to respond but also with how this associates with the different effects which occur when one responds. This research study will investigate the basic regulations, exceptions and the different laws which create alternative mechanics toward responding from an attack of a non – state actor. Legalities of Military Force Article 51 of the United Nations charter is the basic concept that identifies when one can respond to another with self – defense. In this article, it states that if the inherent rights of the individual are attacked then there is the right to react with self defense toward the non – state actor. However, there are also implications of international peace and security with the expectation that one will pass the attack through the UN before beginning action. The need to restore and keep international peace an d security then become important with the self – defense and the way in which this creates a specific alternative to the international needs. While there is the ability to act with group or self – defense, the concept of international peace and security remain as important when deciding to use military force against an individual1. The first implication which allows one to respond with self defense is if the approach is an armed attack, which makes one a victim to the attack. An armed attack is inclusive of a military attack or operation that uses force in another state. This also includes bombardment with the use of weapons, blockades of another state, an attack with armed forces, acts of aggression and mercenaries that are sent to perform military actions. Each of these instances causes one to become a victim of the actions and constitute the right to react with military force against the other state for self defense. It is noted that there are instances which do not consist of military or armed attacks, including diplomatic missions, cyber attacks, supplies of financial or intelligence resources or frontier incidences. These do not cause one to be a victim of the attack and do not justify countermeasures as they are not proportionate with the violations that occur. There are also implications that the attack must be toward territory or warships and not toward nationals or diplomats as these are not a threat to the self defense of a country2. The use of self defense and the legalities which are associated with this continue with the requirements that are met for a reaction. The first of these is the necessity, meaning that there is no alternative means of redress, such as a treaty or other form of diplomacy. The second is based on the proportionality. If there is another means of changing the process from self defense, then the attack must not be repealed and proportions need to be altered. The need to have immediacy is also a part of the regul ations with the understanding that this needs to be flexible until there is permission to move forward. It should also be noted that the actions cannot take place unless an action has already caused the state to become a victim. One cannot act preemptively before the threat or the attack occurs as there is not an understanding of

The Human Resource Management Of Toyota

The Human Resource Management Of Toyota The Toyota culture has developed since the companys beginning and is the core competency of the corporation. The Toyota is first and leading about culture, the manner people behave and think is deeply entrenched in the company beliefs and its principles. At the core it is regarding respect for individuals and incessant improvement (Liker, 2004). Human resources management in Toyota is an organizational function that personnel and operates a unit. These workforce deals with problems related to individuals within the organization. They make programs to select the best, develop and retain talent and set up a system for employee benefits, payroll administration and daily operation. For manufacturing companies due to the comparatively complex organizations and the processes connecting to levels of employees, this HR department can play a more interactive part in hiring the correct talent, taking care about the workplace needs, hearing the voice of employees, promoting teamwork and mediating conflicts that would maximize efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. Toyota mission is to make sure to get the most utilization out of all of people whether it is team associate on the floor. Everybody is the customer and company is trying to attain a successful business, which entails everybody functioning at the maximum level Strategically, there is a very reflective difference in Human Resource at Toyota contrast to traditional companies but possibly not in the way they might think. Toyotas strategic view is that lean management needs more extremely developed individuals and deeper belief than in a mass manufacturing system. People turn out to be the most critical part of the system and their readiness to recognize and solve issues is what drives continuous improvement. As such, Human Resource is arguably the most significant function in the enterprise. The accounting roles of Human Resource are moderately trivial at Toyota contrasted to roles in developing individuals and creating a fair atmosphere based on shared trust. The human resource department at Toyota plays a very diverse role than that of dealing out with people as a stream of assets. Strategically, the Toyota views the team associates are developed as the main competitive competency of the corporation (Liker and Meier, 2007). And developing outstanding people is the most significant work of the company, the organization emotional with that responsibility had improved is exceptional. One merely has to seem at the people who pass through HR as managers to become aware of something is different at Toyota. Organization directors, vice presidents of manufacturing, and a number of the leading experts on the Toyota production scheme have spent time operational in HR. Since HR has a key position in developing people who effort in operations so HR managers have to be experts on operations. As lean management is a technique for eliminating waste and the object of a great deal of waste elimination is labour cost, one might think the main reason of lean methods is head-count decrease. Toyota has an extremely different sight. People who are healthy trained in problem solving will primary contain the difficulty to get production organization and then take the time to recognize the root reason of the difficulty and develop and implement contradict measures. The insinuation of the attitude of management is quite deep. 1. There have to be a standard, so team members can be familiar with deviations as issues. 2. Team members must be healthy trained to understand the principles. 3. Team members cannot terror that exposing a difficulty will get them in problem. 4. Team members have to be trained in difficulty-solving methods. 5. Team members have to be motivated to help the corporation achieve its goals. Attribute of fetching a strategic associate with the business is representative support for organizational/commerce strategies through alignment with persons strategies. Such position puts HR in an improved position to deliver worth, which thereby demonstrates dependability. HR has turn out to be successful by ensuring that good policies and procedures exist and by managers/ HODs on what they can and cannot perform. HR participates in the business meetings and relationships of the business since HR understands the business and positions exist inside the business. Corporation strives and promises to provide a career development trail and utilize the skills of the resources, and this assure of the business is merely fulfilled by HR since they evaluate the performance and take proper decision so that preeminent suits the business and the resource. The standard for Human Resource is to support the companys principles and to partner with developed in order to arrive at the business strategic goals. The reality of the conditions was that none of these two was being achieved. There was much information from the corporation indicators to substantiate this, including data as of the hotline-call scheme, a regular opinion review, and team associate meetings. With this gap recognized, it was time to get to effort on problem solving. Regularly at Toyota, problems recognized are solved by reaching a cross- functional team together and letting them to employ the problem-solving procedure and empowering them to create the decisions necessary to get care of the issues. * Improved joint effort within HR and with manufacturing. * Development of personage skills in HR. * Integration of HR values into each section. * Greater elasticity in the workers. * Improved communication and entrance to HR for team members. * List all current member roles. * Identify the main roles of HR and then support the organization accordingly. * Operate within budget constraints. Approach of Toyota is much more holistic and broad. It starts with an attitude that the power of the company is based on kaizen and admiration for people. Dimension of success is multidimensional and reflects the achievement of the venture, not particular projects. The leadership hierarchy is not there to delegate development to black- belt specialists but rather best at every level play an important position in daily improvement and develop team members. Toyota is conjured of people and people are greatly capricious from person to person and still the same individual over time. Toyota sets an example of a learning organization that is real and successful. It is successful for the possessor of the company and for the team members. It begins with the assumption that individuals are the most imperative resource and require be developing, nurturing and challenging. Human resource management is the most visible and significant functions in the corporation because humans are barely the competitive resource that cannot be imitation Human Resource changes Key external factors are pouring radical changes to the organizations shape and work the Strategic circumstance for organization people currently and in the imminent years. The factors are for illustration, technological evolution, social and economical changes, operational environment, etc. To remain competitive, organizations regularly find it essential to commence major changes that have an effect on their processes and people. 1. Strategic Partners * Act as an essential part of the commerce team. *Connect the business team in methodical organizational audits resultant in clear priorities. * Give HR resources to the trade. * Possess clear understanding of current business circumstances (internal and outside 2. Administrative Experts * Develop and manage rule, plans, and policies for efficiently managing human capital. * Act as consultants in fields of know-how, supporting additional HR professionals and additional HR clients. * Take blame for continuous development in programs and operations 3. Employee Champions * Speak for employee wants and management anxiety about employee relations. * Know the employees and foresee their concerns and issues. * Be approachable by employees. * Be professional in assisting employees. * Provide employees with the resources they need for meeting company objectives. 4. Change Agents * Influence and impel organizational change strategies in sustain of business objectives. * Manage the process to make sure successful change management. * Incessantly take the organizations pulse concerning both internal and external affairs. * Remain up to date about implements and practices of change in order to successfully and efficiently run change and react to the organizations needs. Team performed the HR roles of both employee and strategic partners. The task of the teams included: * Development: on job development, section-specific training, coaching, process improvement, section business and strategic planning. * Employee Relations employee advocate, peer reviews, concern resolutions, safety and health. * HR Systems rewarded promotions up to assistant manager, training for salaried members, salaried relations. HR and manufacturing now effort on the annual business tactics together, resulting in improved collaboration and addition of the two departments, while at the similar time preventing a number of the team member concerns as of coming up like they used to. In other words, if considering manufacturing and HR are two silos and Toyota divide HR into small teams to work with management, it will assist the collaboration of each although make it harder to make sure fairness and constancy across all of the departments. For this motive, the team suggested that there still be an essential HR administration group that would be dividing into specific functions consecutively to address the problem that were pointed. The group consisted of the subsequent functions: *  Personnel   Comp/benefits, payroll, transfer system, staffing and recruiting *  Health and Safety   Medical leave of absence, early symptom investigation support, Disabilities Act, data reporting, health evaluation, workers comp, family and medical leave. *  Employee Relations   Communications, Policy development and training, recognition. *  Training   Team leader training, Promotion process, problem solving training, quality encircle, plant-wide training. This central group now had the aptitude to focus on planning and policy setting and turn out to be the experts of their own areas. Increasingly, change management is seen as a permanent function to improve competence and keep organization flexible to the competitive market. Organization strategically employs change to improve organizational efficiency. But bringing about endearing change in todays competitive surroundings requires thoughtful planning, effectual communication and employee acceptance. The team spent numerous months getting contribution from the patrons and benchmarking, and then analysis. They looked at the present structure of the HR and found that the biggest difficulty with the existing layout was that HR was figuratively apart from the manufacturing part and also not doing a fine job in partnering with them or being accessible to the team associate and edifice the relationship of trust. As the function with key responsibility for human capital management that has involved from the commencement when main organizational change inventiveness is being developed. The impact of organizational changes on employee approach cannot be overstated. Many people are uncomfortable with change, and are filled with hesitation and apprehension over job security and the future, conditions that can threaten the accomplishment of change initiatives. Human resources departments can lead the way in change management because of their training in communications, performance appraisal, improvement planning, safety and organizational systems. When these skills are optimized, any work setting can go from confrontation to resplendence because of the inclusive nature of changes. Aspects of SHRM (Performance Management System) It is an easy fact of life. The majority humans will lend an ear to praise. No matter who is the being in question, he or she will be able to spare a number of times for compliments, even downright flattery. In conditions of performance management, admire can be an extremely influential tool to motivate the employees and enhance productivity. Up till now it should be realized that delivering meaningful admire is not as easy as it sounds. Certainly, there are ways to go concerning it that are stronger than others. In adding, the timing and optimized constructiveness of admire are very significant points of finesse which is supposed to be hammered down before a manager goes into the field (David, 2002). An effectual supervisor will not consider acknowledging star workers, and letting them to acquaint with just how much they appreciate the stellar performance delivered. A supervisors work is complex, and in the middle of numerous projects it might be easy to allow an employees exceptional performance expedition by unnoticed. This, though, is a dangerous error. It is absolutely vital that supervisors acknowledge workers when they succeed; stipulation a performance management plan is to have any effect on a business since an employee is forging in front in his or her field does not signify that a manager should just pile more effort on the already loaded shoulders (Ummit, 1997). But admire should be administered cleverly, if it is to come crossways right. All too frequently employers are seen amateurish their displays of support by not associating the exact accomplishments with the reasons for the admiration when administering a praise. Most importantly, though, the praise is supposed to be sincere. A supervisor is supposed to never praise an underperforming employee just to jumpstart results. This will ultimately go wrong on the management by point a lower standard of performance and a tapering degree of credibility in universal (James, 1996). The management of praise should be attuned based on the place of the employee or workers in question. Persons at the entry level, for instance, will advance more fast when praise is given rather liberally. Here we observe the notion of estimate. For those start a new job, respect and admire can be given even stipulation the employee doesnt hit the spot perfectly on aspire. At this phase, nurturing the employee is more important than considering results achieved with deafening accuracy. The bar is raised, though, when admire is administered to employees with more experience and superiority. There, encouraging imprecise performance when exactitude is within reach can cause irreversible slippage in conditions of the in general professionalism of the workplace. It be supposed to be remembered, however, that when and knowledgeable employee encounters a new put of everyday jobs, he or she should be praised at the admission level, once more, in order to construct up the skills essential for success in the novel area of work (Fred, 2006). The contented of praise that is positive should be cautiously developed. In arrange to demonstrate the authenticity of the praise known; a supervisor should connect the employee on a decision-making as fit as an interpersonal level. By starting out with an account of how the corporation assistance from the employees performance, the supervisor be supposed to then segue into how the celebrity performance complete him or her feel. After allowing some time for reflection, the worker should drive home how significant the employees performance is to the association (John, 1996). Performance management is a total process which throws glow on the overall association performance to the departments and at the employees level. It too tends to focus on the process to give a goods or services in the association. Scholars have proposed the move of Performance Management from association structure to the employees for achieving improved performance. Others have distinct the multi dimensional organization arrangement in order to performance management to describe the linkage among employees performance management systems to attain its strategic objectives (Micheal, 2000). Workers Performance Management system is a complete procedure, which is based on the workers performance and the accomplishment of managerial objectives at all levels. The essential philosophy at the back the performance management system is to developing the alignment among the managerial objectives, with the employees skills and capabilities, furthermore it emphasize on the growth and improvement of the in general system. People more often than not misperceive the performance management to the performance appraisal; in real performance appraisal is judging the history performance as performance management system is an ongoing procedure to measuring the completion of objectives (Mark, 1995)). Performance appraisal as contrasted to the performance management in which the center is made on the contrast between the performance standards life form made by the association and the actual performance of the employees as no one in fact compares the performance against the managerial objectives. Performance management is the real subject while we effort in the organization for excellence control, in excellence based organization the objective of the performance is complete on the achievement or completion of the goals quite than established principles (Paul, 1999). Researchers have been made in the performance appraisal although unfortunately it did not provide any satisfactory consequences as researchers tends to explain the performance appraisal as it did not effort for the employees as healthy as on for the association except developing the displeasure or expiation. It was finished two of his researches that 90% of the workers found the performance appraisal as an unproductive. The reasons he deduced as of his research are similar to the Managers avoid giving truthful critiques because they dont desire any conflict. Often times managers fear the appraisal process as a great deal as employees do, so they put off and dont prepare adequately. Workers can be demoralized by ratings and statistics as of the research supposed that 80% of people observe themselves in the top 25% of all performers. So 55% will be actually demoralized by honest feedback concerning where they place (Tony, 2000). Performance appraisal is not responsibility something extra for the association and the organization awarded workers based on the appraisal not capable to get the required consequence. Reward does not alter the performance of persons who work exclusively for prize. Better remuneration system can by no means be a good option for the association for achieving its objectives. On the oppose part it can de-inspire the employees due to uneven distribution of plunder on the basis of performance appraisal. On the entire consequences of performance appraisal might lead to the refuse of overall performance of the association. On the other surface, Performance management of the workers is the system which allow the organizations to attain their goals by utilizing the fully skill level of their workers. It begins when a worker joins the organization and trimmings when he leaves your association (Louse, 2002). Performance management and receiving the required behaviour is single of the centre issues which most of the association fails to analyze in arrange to achieve the necessary goals. Organization behaviour be supposed to be developed among the individual in such a method which is performance leaning and behaviour should be examine and then modified to develop the required performance (Simmen, 1996). The achievement of the system is connected with employees expectations stipulation the employees expectations complete with the appraisal system, after that there exists positive relationship and vice versa. The additional thing which must be reserved in mind while rising the goals that it be supposed to be in accordance with the workers and organization capability. Person should be answerable in promoting of a performance management system which in fact promotes the quality culture (John, 1996). The essential purpose of performance management system is to creating the position in between the association objectives and its associate systems to achieve the association objectives, Carter. In modern association there should be a fair performance management system to attain the organization objectives. By strategically by the performance management system organizations can develop its performance principles, can develop the procedures and then reports the judgment for further development and in this an incessant process keep running. In TQM system Performance management system play a significant role for developing as healthy as measuring and achieving the objectives. The approaches similar to balance score certificate, metrics, and indexes are supposed to be match with the system in the quality procedure to the organizations (David, 2002). Stable performance management system plan was taken by scholars to attain the organizations vision deliberately. Balance score focusing on the four business prospective i.e. financial, client satisfaction, business procedure and the organization knowledge and innovative culture. A recent survey indicated that the companies use a standard of 13 management gear at the corporate level. These tools are prospect to help measure or check the performance of an association, and within this the most well-liked performance related instrument was the fair Scorecard. In the nonattendance of a basic strategic background, managers found it firm to agree on an suitable set of measures of managerial performance. Balance scorecard is the stage for measuring the association performance having coordinating with financial and non economic feature of business (Louse, 2002). Deliberately goal setting, rising performance management system, person accountability, rewards and credit are some of the input elements for a excellence performance management system. Next to this, total quality process too focuses of the contribution of all the stake holders of the organization counting the Management, workers, suppliers and clientele. Employees performance depends on the effectual performance management system. Worker must have knowledge concerning their job what they have to have to perform in arrange to fulfil its job aim. In organization the developed performance elements tell the employees actually have to perform and the performance principles tells the workers that how effectively they have to have to perform (Ummit, 1997). The performance rudiments are the indicators which can differ from the organization to association it can be output, effectiveness, and impartiality. While the standards comprise certain objectives for which to employees have to have to achieve. Performance principles and elements be supposed to be such that which have to be calculated, attainable, pale and challenging. Federal system describes the basic three dissimilar types of elements which can be used for the effectual performance management system that are dangerous elements, non critical rudiments and performance elements. Treacherous elements or activities are persons for which an person is assigned for, non risky are those which have no direct effect on the employees performance dimension but it pay an significant role as performers perform in some collection or team activity. Extra performance measurement can be based only on the collection performance rather than the person accountability (Louise, 2002). Critical and non critical rudiments are both interdependent, dangerous elements are believed to be the basic purpose of an individual while non critical and added performance elements are the behind units for receiving the outcomes. Goals can only be achieved stipulation both critical and non dangerous elements are being correctly communicated. At all the levels of the association, there have to be a system of dimension for measuring all the dangerous activities. Performance management is a continuous procedure in which the go after up is being given after every activity is to perform and gauge, (David, 2002). Rising and managing a performance management system is not a simple task. There should be consensus among workers when goals are developed and goals are such that which must be easily sub divided into dissimilar organization level. By the balance card developed by all the four potential (Financial, Process, customers, and Organization culture) must be reserved in mind. Management must be dedicated to develop the structure and proper message with the employees should be made. Clear Measures have to be adopted and employees at all level have to be aware with the adopted procedures. Performance management is a continuous procedure; follow up be supposed to be given to the workers so that employees can approach to know regarding their performance in the association (Louise, 2002). As the performance management is an expensive process and a group of time and money concerned in it so great mind should be taken; merely critical activities should gauge which are necessary for achieving the managerial goals. Though this does not mean that completely lack of knowledge of non critical and added performance elements. These are the supporting rudiments which provide the strategic and act as a means for achieving organization objectives (Mark A and Huselid, 1997). The Performance Management procedure begins and trimmings in the same series of events which are as follows: Personal goal setting Performance study Midyear performance analysis Annual performance appraisal Under individual goal location, the supervisor and the employee will be seated together to set yearly goals at the year finish; the goals are to be attained by the employee at elected accommodation of the subsequent year. Under performance preparation, the manager and the employee, throughout the same goal setting sitting, will arrangement on how to perform in arrange to achieve the goals mainly effectively. In the following year, the supervisor will analysis the employees development and achievements, counsel and coach for better performance, give credit and appreciate for achievements so distant and make changes in the performance diagram, if necessary; the progress of worker shall tell the manager whether or not the all set goals can be achieved in the known year (Paul, 1999) At the year finish, the manager and the employee will be seated together to appraise the employees performance in the known year and the feedbacks will all be fed into location new goals and action tactics for the next year. You may discover the performance management process attractive easy, however, implementing each stage of it requires an sympathetic of how person performance of all employees can translate into total managerial performance. As look upon to this, managers require asking themselves the next questions: WHAT TO ASK WHAT TO DO What does the company desire to achieve in the extended run? Gain imminent into the corporate vision What business does the company has to be in to attain its vision? increase insight into the corporate assignment What will be the strategy to maintain in that business? Formulate business strategy What are the functional objectives behind the strategy? Place functional objectives Process of the Performance Management system: Individual Goal Setting Performance Planning host a performance appraisal sitting between the manager and the employee assess performance as against predetermined goals measure competencies as adjacent to required competencies set for existing role measure potentials as against necessary competencies set for prospect role chalk out person Development Plan delineation to fill skill gap, motivation ambition gap and cooperation gap chalk out strengthening plan to reward/recognize for achievement and punish for deliberate failure Year Performance Review Performance review session among the supervisor and the employee discuss on performance development status and seek answerability for missing deadlines on goals revise performance plan with new deadlines for goals Performance Appraisal Host a performance appraisal session among the supervisor and the worker measure performance as preset goals gauge competencies as against necessary competencies set for current position measure potentials as required competencies set for future position chalk out Individual growth Plan outlining to fill ability gap, motivation ambition gap and communication collaboration gap chalk out strengthening plan to reward for success and punish for on purpose failure The beauty of this Performance Management process is that it has three dimensions only, which give three major outputs that can be fed into other four dimensions of HRM and not to mention Performance Management also. The beauty is illustrated as follows Performance appraisal Performance Measures Score Scale Outputs Performance assessment Set Goals 5-points New goal setting Competency assessment Required competencies of present role 5-points growth Plan Potential assessment Required competencies of prospect role 5-points Vocation Development plan Those are the underlying principles that can be used by managers to develop/modify existing Performance Management mechanism and put them in perform in the company for the betterment